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ING Economics

ING Economics

INGs global economists and strategists tell you whats happening and is likely to happen in the world of global markets.

Our analysis and forecasts will help you respond and stay a step ahead in the world of macroeconomics, central banks, FX, commodities and everything else in between. Visit ING.com.

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Author's articles

The cost of green steel production compared to conventional steel

The cost of green steel production compared to conventional steel

FOREX
ING Economics
Unlocking the Potential: Blue and Green Hydrogen in Steelmaking for Carbon Reduction and Beyond

Unlocking the Potential: Blue and Green Hydrogen in Steelmaking for Carbon Reduction and Beyond

FOREX
ING Economics
The Carbon Footprint of Different Steel Production Technologies

The Carbon Footprint of Different Steel Production Technologies

FOREX
ING Economics
Decarbonizing Steel: Contrasting Coal-based and Hydrogen-based Production Methods

Decarbonizing Steel: Contrasting Coal-based and Hydrogen-based Production Methods

FOREX
ING Economics
Transforming Steel Production: Harnessing Hydrogen for a Greener Future

Transforming Steel Production: Harnessing Hydrogen for a Greener Future

FOREX
ING Economics
CZK's uncertain path amid deflationary pressures and market expectations

CZK's uncertain path amid deflationary pressures and market expectations

FOREX
ING Economics
GBP Inflation Surprise: Pound Faces Downward Pressure as Rate Hike Expectations Shift

GBP Inflation Surprise: Pound Faces Downward Pressure as Rate Hike Expectations Shift

FOREX
ING Economics
ECB's Dovish Shift: Markets Anticipate Softer Policy Guidance

ECB's Dovish Shift: Markets Anticipate Softer Policy Guidance

FOREX
ING Economics
Repricing the Pound: UK Inflation Slows, Bank of England Tightening Expectations Adjusted

Repricing the Pound: UK Inflation Slows, Bank of England Tightening Expectations Adjusted

FOREX
ING Economics
UK Inflation Data Boosts Chances of August Rate Hike

UK Inflation Data Boosts Chances of August Rate Hike

FOREX
ING Economics
Vale Reports Strong Growth in Iron Ore Production, Chinese Aluminium Imports Rise

Vale Reports Strong Growth in Iron Ore Production, Chinese Aluminium Imports Rise

FOREX
ING Economics
The Commodities Feed: Middle Distillates Firm Up as Crude Prices Respond to US Economic Data

The Commodities Feed: Middle Distillates Firm Up as Crude Prices Respond to US Economic Data

FOREX
ING Economics
The Mexican Curve: Deeper Inversion Than the US, Signaling Turning Points Ahead

The Mexican Curve: Deeper Inversion Than the US, Signaling Turning Points Ahead

FOREX
ING Economics
Mexican Rate Spread: Tight vs. Central Bank's Rate Spread and Implications for Dis-inversion

Mexican Rate Spread: Tight vs. Central Bank's Rate Spread and Implications for Dis-inversion

FOREX
ING Economics
Tequila Turn: Mexico's Anticipated Rate Cut and Market Spreads

Tequila Turn: Mexico's Anticipated Rate Cut and Market Spreads

FOREX
ING Economics
Mixed US Activity Picture: July Rate Hike Likely, Followed by a Pause

Mixed US Activity Picture: July Rate Hike Likely, Followed by a Pause

FOREX
ING Economics
AUD: Minutes Reflect Openness to More Tightening

AUD: Minutes Reflect Openness to More Tightening

FOREX
ING Economics
GBP: Softer Ahead of CPI Risk Event

GBP: Softer Ahead of CPI Risk Event

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR: Stretched Short-Term Valuation and European Equities Underperformance

EUR: Stretched Short-Term Valuation and European Equities Underperformance

FOREX
ING Economics
FX Daily: Dollar Risk Premium Consolidating Amid Chinese Data Disappointment

FX Daily: Dollar Risk Premium Consolidating Amid Chinese Data Disappointment

FOREX
ING Economics
Rates Spark: Competing Narratives and Inflation Focus

Rates Spark: Competing Narratives and Inflation Focus

FOREX
ING Economics
Agriculture: Russia's Exit from Black Sea Grain Deal Impacts Grain Prices

Agriculture: Russia's Exit from Black Sea Grain Deal Impacts Grain Prices

FOREX
ING Economics
Commodities Feed: Chinese Data Weighs on Market, Black Sea Grain Deal Ends

Commodities Feed: Chinese Data Weighs on Market, Black Sea Grain Deal Ends

FOREX
ING Economics
Inflation Outlook: Energy Prices Drive Hospitality, Food Inflation Eases

Inflation Outlook: Energy Prices Drive Hospitality, Food Inflation Eases

FOREX
ING Economics
UK Inflation Data Holds the Key for August Rate Hike Decision

UK Inflation Data Holds the Key for August Rate Hike Decision

FOREX
ING Economics
Stalling Imports Widen Indonesia's Trade Surplus, Raising Concerns for Growth Momentum

Stalling Imports Widen Indonesia's Trade Surplus, Raising Concerns for Growth Momentum

FOREX
ING Economics
Green is the New Location: The Impact of the Green Transition on the German Real Estate Market

Green is the New Location: The Impact of the Green Transition on the German Real Estate Market

FOREX
ING Economics
12.5 Million Chances to Embrace Green Living: Germany's Urgent Need for Housing Renovations

12.5 Million Chances to Embrace Green Living: Germany's Urgent Need for Housing Renovations

FOREX
ING Economics
Navigating the Green Transition: Germany's Property Market Embraces Climate Targets

Navigating the Green Transition: Germany's Property Market Embraces Climate Targets

FOREX
ING Economics
Decarbonising Petrochemicals: Pathways and Collaborative Efforts for a Sustainable Future Decarbonisation, Petrochemicals, Plastics, Rubber, Fertilisers, Climate impact, Value chain, Regulations, Incentives, Sustainability mandates, Oil demand, Carbon dio

Decarbonising Petrochemicals: Pathways and Collaborative Efforts for a Sustainable Future

FOREX
ING Economics
CEE Region: Economic Outlook and FX Performance

CEE Region: Economic Outlook and FX Performance

FOREX
ING Economics
GBP: CPI Print Holds Key Risks for Sterling Amid Ultra-Hawkish BoE Expectations

GBP: CPI Print Holds Key Risks for Sterling Amid Ultra-Hawkish BoE Expectations

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/USD: Evaluating the Stretch of the Rally

EUR/USD: Evaluating the Stretch of the Rally

FOREX
ING Economics
Assessing the Disinflationary Impact on FX Markets: Outlook for the Dollar and Potential Reversal Signals

Assessing the Disinflationary Impact on FX Markets: Outlook for the Dollar and Potential Reversal Signals

FOREX
ING Economics
Black Sea Grain Initiative Deal Extension and Speculative Positions Impact Grain Markets

Black Sea Grain Initiative Deal Extension and Speculative Positions Impact Grain Markets

FOREX
ING Economics
The Commodities Feed: China's GDP Disappoints, Adding Pressure to the Complex

The Commodities Feed: China's GDP Disappoints, Adding Pressure to the Complex

COMMODITIES
ING Economics
China Q2 GDP/Retail Sales: Economy Rebounds in Q1 but Sustained Growth Remains Uncertain

China Q2 GDP/Retail Sales: Economy Rebounds in Q1 but Sustained Growth Remains Uncertain

FOREX
ING Economics
Turkish Central Bank Expected to Raise Policy Rate by 5ppt to 20% Amid Rising Inflationary Pressures

Turkish Central Bank Expected to Raise Policy Rate by 5ppt to 20% Amid Rising Inflationary Pressures

FOREX
ING Economics
Poland's Industrial Output Declines in June, Reflecting Weak Manufacturing Activity

Poland's Industrial Output Declines in June, Reflecting Weak Manufacturing Activity

FOREX
ING Economics
UK Inflation Data Holds the Key to August Rate Hike Decision

UK Inflation Data Holds the Key to August Rate Hike Decision

FOREX
ING Economics
Key Events in Developed Markets and EMEA Next Week: Fed Tightening, UK Inflation, and Turkish Central Bank Hike

Key Events in Developed Markets and EMEA Next Week: Fed Tightening, UK Inflation, and Turkish Central Bank Hike

FOREX
ING Economics
Poland's Current Account Surplus Bolsters GDP Growth with Strong Net Exports

Poland's Current Account Surplus Bolsters GDP Growth with Strong Net Exports

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/JPY at Critical Support, Short-Term Rebound Potential

USD/JPY at Critical Support, Short-Term Rebound Potential

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/TWD: TWD Weakens Tracking CNY's Decline

USD/TWD: TWD Weakens Tracking CNY's Decline

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/SGD: SGD Weakened by Fed's Rate Hike Signals

USD/SGD: SGD Weakened by Fed's Rate Hike Signals

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/PHP: Foreign Inflows and Trade Balance Support PHP

USD/PHP: Foreign Inflows and Trade Balance Support PHP

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/IDR: Trade Surplus Contraction Weakens IDR

USD/IDR: Trade Surplus Contraction Weakens IDR

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/INR: Narrow Range Trading with Potential Breakout

USD/INR: Narrow Range Trading with Potential Breakout

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/KRW: Equity-led Appreciation on AI Chip Hype

USD/KRW: Equity-led Appreciation on AI Chip Hype

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/CNY: Little Confidence in Chinese Stimulus, Outlook for USD/CNY at 7.30

USD/CNY: Little Confidence in Chinese Stimulus, Outlook for USD/CNY at 7.30

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/CLP: Chilean Peso Lags Behind as Rate Cut Looms

USD/CLP: Chilean Peso Lags Behind as Rate Cut Looms

FOREX
ING Economics
Political Calendar Looms as Mexican Peso Holds Ground

Political Calendar Looms as Mexican Peso Holds Ground

FOREX
ING Economics
Emerging Markets Eye Sweet Spot as Dollar Cycle Turns

Emerging Markets Eye Sweet Spot as Dollar Cycle Turns

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/ILS: ILS Recovers on the Dollar Turn, Domestic Story Mixed

USD/ILS: ILS Recovers on the Dollar Turn, Domestic Story Mixed

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/ZAR: External Environment Provides a Reprieve to the Rand

USD/ZAR: External Environment Provides a Reprieve to the Rand

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/TRY: Pace of TRY Depreciation Moderates Lately

USD/TRY: Pace of TRY Depreciation Moderates Lately

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/KZT: Upside Risks in the Near Term

USD/KZT: Upside Risks in the Near Term

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/UAH: Foreign Reserves at All-Time High and Continue to Rise

USD/UAH: Foreign Reserves at All-Time High and Continue to Rise

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/RSD: No Room for Deviation

EUR/RSD: No Room for Deviation

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/RON: Unstable Line in the Sand

EUR/RON: Unstable Line in the Sand

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/HUF: Range Trading Expected During the Summer

EUR/HUF: Range Trading Expected During the Summer

FOREX
ING Economics
CE4 Currencies Remain Resilient, Limited Scope for PLN Gains

CE4 Currencies Remain Resilient, Limited Scope for PLN Gains

FOREX
ING Economics
USD/CAD: Loonie's Sensitivity to US and Canadian Factors

USD/CAD: Loonie's Sensitivity to US and Canadian Factors

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/DKK: Anticipating One Final Hike in Denmark

EUR/DKK: Anticipating One Final Hike in Denmark

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/SEK: Riksbank's Hawkish Stance Raises Questions About Longevity

EUR/SEK: Riksbank's Hawkish Stance Raises Questions About Longevity

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/NOK: Norges Bank Strengthens NOK, Outlook Points to Decline

EUR/NOK: Norges Bank Strengthens NOK, Outlook Points to Decline

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/USD: Navigating Uncertainty and Volatility

EUR/USD: Navigating Uncertainty and Volatility

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/GBP: Assessing BoE Tightening and the Potential for Upside

EUR/GBP: Assessing BoE Tightening and the Potential for Upside

FOREX
ING Economics
EUR/JPY: Navigating a Soft Landing and Potential Risks

EUR/JPY: Navigating a Soft Landing and Potential Risks

FOREX
ING Economics
GBP/USD: Hawkish BoE Supports GBP/USD Ascendancy

GBP/USD: Hawkish BoE Supports GBP/USD Ascendancy

FOREX
ING Economics
Bull Market Steepening in US Yield Curve Signals Dollar Decline; Commodity Currencies in Focus

Bull Market Steepening in US Yield Curve Signals Dollar Decline; Commodity Currencies in Focus

FOREX
ING Economics
FX Talking: The Dollar's Break Point Signals Lower US Inflation and Favorable Environment for Pro-Cyclical Currencies

FX Talking: The Dollar's Break Point Signals Lower US Inflation and Favorable Environment for Pro-Cyclical Currencies

FOREX
ING Economics
Poland's Inflation Expected to Reach Single Digits in August, but Disinflation to Slow Down

Poland's Inflation Expected to Reach Single Digits in August, but Disinflation to Slow Down

FOREX
ING Economics
Rates Spark: Easing Inflation, Firm Labour Market, and Market Expectations

Rates Spark: Easing Inflation, Firm Labour Market, and Market Expectations

FOREX
ING Economics
Chinese Soybean Imports Surge as Brazil Lowers Production Estimates

Chinese Soybean Imports Surge as Brazil Lowers Production Estimates

FOREX
ING Economics
Metals Rise on Weakening Dollar, China's Trade Data Show Mixed Picture

Metals Rise on Weakening Dollar, China's Trade Data Show Mixed Picture

FOREX
ING Economics
USD Weakness Boosts Commodity Complex as Oil Supply Disruptions Drive Prices Higher

USD Weakness Boosts Commodity Complex as Oil Supply Disruptions Drive Prices Higher

FOREX
ING Economics
Global Markets React to Disinflationary Pressure as USD Weakens and Stocks Rally

Global Markets React to Disinflationary Pressure as USD Weakens and Stocks Rally

FOREX
ING Economics
Eurozone industrial production confirms subdued GDP growth in 2Q

Eurozone industrial production confirms subdued GDP growth in 2Q

FOREX
ING Economics
Czech Inflation Falls to Single Digits, Lowest in CEE Region

Czech Inflation Falls to Single Digits, Lowest in CEE Region

FOREX
ING Economics
China Big Tech Drives Momentum-Driven Rally in Stock Market

China Big Tech Drives Momentum-Driven Rally in Stock Market

FOREX
ING Economics
Global Wheat Balance Continues to Tighten for Another Season

Global Wheat Balance Continues to Tighten for Another Season

FOREX
ING Economics
US Soybean Cuts Fall Short of Expectations in USDA's Latest Report

US Soybean Cuts Fall Short of Expectations in USDA's Latest Report

FOREX
ING Economics
Bearish Outlook for Corn and Soybeans in July WASDE Update

Bearish Outlook for Corn and Soybeans in July WASDE Update

FOREX
ING Economics
Resilient UK Economy in May Points to Promising Outlook

Resilient UK Economy in May Points to Promising Outlook

FOREX
ING Economics
Assessing the June ECB Minutes: Cracks in the Hawkish Consensus?

Assessing the June ECB Minutes: Cracks in the Hawkish Consensus?

FOREX
ING Economics
Rates Spark: Assessing the End-of-Cycle Vibes and Market Reactions

Rates Spark: Assessing the End-of-Cycle Vibes and Market Reactions

FOREX
ING Economics
Prognosis for Eurozone housing market: Bottoming out delayed by persistent higher interest rates

Prognosis for Eurozone housing market: Bottoming out delayed by persistent higher interest rates

FOREX
ING Economics
Eurozone housing market faces challenges in search for stability

Eurozone housing market faces challenges in search for stability

FOREX
ING Economics
Navigating Finland's path out of recession in 2023

Navigating Finland's path out of recession in 2023

ECONOMY
ING Economics
Ireland's boom continues for now, but headwinds loom

Ireland's boom continues for now, but headwinds loom

FOREX
ING Economics
Navigating a Growth Slowdown: Portugal's Economic Outlook and Inflation Trends

Navigating a Growth Slowdown: Portugal's Economic Outlook and Inflation Trends

FOREX
ING Economics
Portugal's Economic Outlook: Growth Forecast and Inflation Trends

Portugal's Economic Outlook: Growth Forecast and Inflation Trends

FOREX
ING Economics
Portugal's Strong Growth Fades as Global Conditions Weaken

Portugal's Strong Growth Fades as Global Conditions Weaken

FOREX
ING Economics
Austria's Competitiveness at Risk: Impact of Rising Costs and Challenging Economic Outlook

Austria's Competitiveness at Risk: Impact of Rising Costs and Challenging Economic Outlook

FOREX
ING Economics
Inflation Challenges and Competitiveness Concerns Weigh on Austria's Economy

Inflation Challenges and Competitiveness Concerns Weigh on Austria's Economy

FOREX
ING Economics
Challenges Ahead for Belgian Economy as Ambitions Are Scaled Back

Challenges Ahead for Belgian Economy as Ambitions Are Scaled Back

FOREX
ING Economics
Belgian Economy Faces Challenges Amidst Uneven Performance

Belgian Economy Faces Challenges Amidst Uneven Performance

FOREX
ING Economics
Challenges Ahead for Belgium: Solid Consumption Masks Competitiveness and Fiscal Concerns

Challenges Ahead for Belgium: Solid Consumption Masks Competitiveness and Fiscal Concerns

FOREX
ING Economics
Bringing Greece Back to Investment Grade: A Target for Mitsotakis

Bringing Greece Back to Investment Grade: A Target for Mitsotakis

FOREX
ING Economics