FX Daily: Hawkish vibes from Asia

Governor of the BoJ Kazuo Ueda suggested the Bank may have enough evidence on wages for a policy shift by year-end. To us, it sounds like a successful attempt to support the yen. Meanwhile, the PBoC is pushing back against CNY weakness. All of this is softening the dollar momentum, but US data will be back in focus soon and USD upside risks are non-negligible.

USD: BoJ and PBOC drive dollar lower

The seemingly unstoppable dollar run is being dented this morning by two currencies that had all but contributed to consolidating USD strength until now: the yen and the yuan. The Bank of Japan’s Governor Kazuo Ueda released an interview where he said policymakers may have enough information by year-end – if wage inflation continues – to make a decision on unwinding some monetary stimulus. The market reaction to this has been significant. The overbought USD/JPY is falling and testing 146.00, and the benchmark JGB yields are at 0.70% despite the BoJ deploying the loans-for-bonds programme to curb yields. The timing of Ueda’s interview may suggest an intent to support JPY without deploying intervention – which wouldn’t be warranted by an excessively concerning rate of JPY depreciation anyway.

In China, authorities are back with strong defence measures for the renminbi. This follows a growing consensus later last week that the People's Bank of China was starting to tolerate further CNY depreciation as USD/CNY had rallied past 7.30. Alongside a significantly stronger CNY fixing, the PBoC issued a statement saying market participants should “voluntarily maintain a stable market” and avoid speculative trades. The general softening in USD momentum this morning has helped take USD/CNY back below 7.30.

This morning’s change of direction in dollar dynamics has clearly been fuelled by moves from the BoJ and PBoC, but whether USD/JPY and USD/CNY can stay under pressure relies on the dollar’s reaction to its own domestic drivers. This will be a busy week in US data, and the latest releases have tended to be quite supportive for the greenback.

The main highlight of the week in the US calendar is the CPI report on Wednesday, which is widely expected to show an August inflation rebound, and our economics team flags upside risks to consensus expectations. The core CPI print is expected at 0.3% month-on-month, an acceleration from the 0.2% MoM seen in recent months. There are no data releases to watch today, but we'll see the NFIB survey, retail sales and industrial production figures in the US later this week.

The FOMC has already entered the pre-meeting blackout period, but the latest indications clearly pointed to a pause in September. Can inflation change policymakers’ minds? It would probably need to be a materially stronger than expected print, but from an FX perspective, expect the bullish pass-through to the dollar to be felt anyway. Markets can still add to the 11bp of tightening by year-end and push rate cut expectations further down the road. The two-year USD swap rate (OIS) may retest the 4.94% August highs and offset the efforts by the PBoC (likely to be a continuous one) and the BoJ (more likely a one-off move by Ueda) to lift their domestic currencies.