US monetary policy

FX Daily: Diverging G3 trends dominate Closing the week, we have the Japanese yen a little stronger as the BoJ softens up YCC control, the dollar is steady-to-stronger on good US activity data, and the euro is weaker as the ECB throws a September rate hike into doubt. After the BoJ press conference, today's highlight will be the US Employment Cost Index data. A soft number could hit the dollar.   USD: The ECI will be in focus today The combination of some stronger US activity data and some independent euro weakness on the back of yesterday's ECB meeting has seen the trade-weighted DXY dollar push a little higher. DXY would be even higher were it not for the lower USD/JPY we have seen today on the back of the Bank of Japan's tweak to its Yield Curve Control (YCC) target.  Regarding the BoJ, we think the market is right to have taken USD/JPY a little lower after this surprise adjustment to how it manages its 10-year Japanese government bond (JGB) yield target. What has probably prevented USD/JPY from dropping harder are the new BoJ core CPI forecasts, where FY24 and FY25 CPI are still only forecast at 1.9% (April forecast 2.0%) and 1.6% (1.6%) respectively. This hardly provides a firm foundation to conclude that CPI will now sustainably run near 2.0%. Instead, the tweak to the YCC programme may reflect BoJ Governor Kazuo Ueda's preference to take baby steps away from the heavy control of the JGB market - i.e. maybe he's more of a free marketeer.  However, we do think the drop in USD/JPY might get some support from the dollar side today. Undoubtedly, US activity data has been holding up well, and based purely on the activity data alone one would argue that the Fed had the strongest case for another rate hike, yet Fed Chair Jerome Powell acknowledges that US monetary policy is already in restrictive territory and the focus is on disinflation.  On Wednesday, Powell said there would be important data prints before the September FOMC meeting – two CPI prints, two jobs reports and the Employment Cost Index (ECI). Well the second-quarter ECI figure is released today and is expected at 1.1% – a drop from 1.2% in the first quarter and a peak of 1.4% in the first quarter of 2022. My colleague James Knightley thinks the risks are skewed to a sub-consensus 1.0% reading today given the softer average hourly earnings and survey evidence both from the Fed's Beige Book as well as the NFIB data that the US labour market is coming better into balance. A soft ECI number can wipe out the final 8bp that is priced for the US tightening cycle this year and will probably knock the dollar 0.5-1.0% lower. This would be a good story for risk assets, where both the Fed and seemingly the ECB would be closer to ending tightening cycles. If we are right with our call on the ECI, DXY could head back to yesterday's low near 100.50.

Yesterday, the pair formed several good signals to enter the market. Let's analyze what happened on the 5-minute chart. In my morning review, I mentioned the level of 1.2726 as a possible entry point. A breakout and subsequent retest of this range generated a great sell signal, resulting in a 35-pip drop. A similar scenario with 1.2689, following weak PMI reports, produced a sell signal and the pair fell by 40 pips. During the US session, protecting the monthly low around 1.2627 and weak US reports generated a great buy signal. As a result, the pair rose by 50 pips. Selling from 1.2679 turned out to be a failure, but a breakout and a downward retest of 1.2679 was another buy signal, making it possible to gain 40 more pips.     For long positions on GBP/USD: Today brings some mid-tier data from the Confederation of British Industry, which is unlikely to have a significant impact on market volatility, so I expect the pair to remain under pressure. For this reason, I am not in a hurry to open long positions: only after a false breakout near the new support level at 1.2706, formed at the end of yesterday, will generate buy signal in hopes of updating the nearest resistance at 1.2733, also formed at the end of yesterday's European session. A breakout and consolidation above this range will reinforce the pound sterling, allowing it to reach the 1.2761 high. The ultimate target remains the area of 1.2797 where I will be locking in profits. If GBP/USD declines and there is no buying activity at 1.2706, the pound will be under pressure, but will continue to trade within the sideways channel. In this case, only the defense of the 1.2679 area and its false breakout would give a signal for opening long positions. I will open long positions immediately on a rebound from the monthly low of 1.2646, keeping in mind a daily correction of 30-35 pips.   For short positions on GBP/USD: The sellers lost all their advantage yesterday and now they need to start from scratch. Only an unsuccessful consolidation at 1.2733 after UK data will produce a sell signal with a prospect of falling to the intermediate support level at 1.2706, which was formed yesterday. A breakout of this level and its upward retest would significantly dent the bulls' positions, offering a chance for a more substantial decline towards the low of 1.2679. The ultimate target is the low at 1.2646 where I will be locking in profits. In this case, buyers can try to build the lower band of the new ascending channel. If GBP/USD moves upward during the European session and lacks bearish activity at 1.2733, which is possible given how aggressive the buyers were even after such a large sell-off yesterday, only a false breakout near the next resistance at 1.2761 would provide an entry point for going short. If there is no downward movement there, I would sell the pound right on a rebound from 1.2797, keeping in mind an intraday correction of 30-35 pips.   COT report: The Commitments of Traders (COT) report for August 15 recorded an increase in both long and short positions. Traders built up positions after the UK GDP report, which was better than economists' expectations. US inflation cooling also had an impact on the balance of power, supporting the pound, as well as persistent core pressure in the UK. Federal Reserve officials will hold their annual Jackson Hole symposium later this week, which could lead to even more strengthening of the British Pound in the short term. The focus will be on Fed Chair Jerome Powell's speech about US monetary policy. As before, the optimal strategy is to buy the pound on dips, as the difference in the policies of the central banks will affect the prospects of the US dollar, putting pressure on it. The latest COT report indicates that long positions of the non-commercial group of traders rose by 7,302 to 90,541, while short positions jumped by 3,334 to 39,553. As a result, the spread between long and short positions narrowed by 607. The weekly closing price dropped to 1.2708 compared to the prior value of 1.2749.     Indicator signals: Moving Averages Trading is taking place around the 30-day and 50-day moving averages, indicating a sideways market trend. Please note that the time period and levels of the moving averages are analyzed only for the H1 chart, which differs from the general definition of the classic daily moving averages on the D1 chart. Bollinger Bands If GBP/USD falls, the indicator's lower border near 1.2646 will serve as support.   Description of indicators: • A moving average of a 50-day period determines the current trend by smoothing volatility and noise; marked in yellow on the chart; • A moving average of a 30-day period determines the current trend by smoothing volatility and noise; marked in green on the chart; • MACD Indicator (Moving Average Convergence/Divergence) Fast EMA with a 12-day period; Slow EMA with a 26-day period. SMA with a 9-day period; • Bollinger Bands: 20-day period; • Non-commercial traders are speculators such as individual traders, hedge funds, and large institutions who use the futures market for speculative purposes and meet certain requirements; • Long non-commercial positions represent the total number of long positions opened by non-commercial traders; • Short non-commercial positions represent the total number of short positions opened by non-commercial traders; • The non-commercial net position is the difference between short and long positions of non-commercial traders.    

Mixed feelings By Ipek Ozkardeskaya, Senior Analyst | Swissquote Bank   The Federal Reserve (Fed) President Jerome Powell pushed back against the rate cut bets at his speech given in Atlanta last Friday. He is of course playing the card of 'high for long' rates to tame inflation, yet he hinted that the Fed will probably not hike rates when it meets this month. He said that the US monetary policy is 'well into restrictive territory' and that the fell of effect of higher rates to combat inflation is working its way through economy. 'We are getting what we wanted to get,' said Powell. And indeed, inflation is cooling, people start to spend less, and the job market loosens. But in parallel, the financial conditions are loosening fast, as well. Hence the market optimism and stocks/bond gains become increasingly vulnerable to hawkish Fed comments, and/or strong economic data. The US jobs data will take the center stage this week. Investors expect further fall in US jobs openings, less than 200'000 job additions last month with slightly higher pay on month-on-month basis. The softer the data, the better the chances of keeping the Fed hawks away from the market.   Unsurprisingly, the part of Powell's speech where he pushed back against rate cut expectations went fully unheard by investors on Friday. On the contrary, the Fed rate cut expectations went through the roof when it became clear that the Fed will stay pat again this month. The US 2-year fell to nearly 4.50% on Friday, the 10-year yield tipped a toe below the 4.20% mark. The S&P500 flirted with the summer peak, flirted with the 4600 level and closed the week a touch below this level, while the rate sensitive Nasdaq closed a few points below the 16000 and iShares core US REIT ETF jumped nearly 2.70% last Friday.   The SPDR's energy ETF, on the other hand, barely closed above its 200-DMA, as last week's OPEC decision to cut the production supply by another 1mbpd and to extend the Saudi cuts into next year barely impressed oil bulls – even less so given the apparent frictions at the heart of the group regarding this supply cut strategy when prices keep falling. The decline in oil prices continues this Monday. The barrel of US crude remained aggressively sold near the 200-DMA last week, and we are about to step into the $70/73pb region which should give some support to the market. With the clear deterioration of the positive trend, and the lack of any apparent boost to the oil market following last week's OPEC meeting, there is a chance that we will see oil finish the year below the $70pb mark. An increasingly shaky OPEC unity, record US production, a slowing global economy, deteriorating global demand outlook and efforts to shift toward cleaner energy sources weigh heavier than the supply worries. As such, the $100pb level becomes an increasingly difficult target to reach. And even though the COP28 president Mr. Al Jaber said last weekend that there is 'no science' behind demands for phase-out of fossil fuels – yes 70'000 people flew to Dubai to hear that there is no evidence that fossil fuel is destroying climate – efforts to phase-out fossil fuel continues at full speed with solar panel installation surpassing the most optimistic estimates according to Climate Analytics.  In the FX, the US dollar's positive attempt above the 200-DMA was halted by Powell's speech on Friday – or more precisely by investors' careful extraction of all the dovish elements in that Powell speech. Both the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Bank of Canada (BoC) will likely keep their rates unchanged this week, but the RBA will certainly sound hawkish faced with worries of 'home-grown' inflation. The AUDUSD stepped into the bullish consolidation zone following a 6+% jump since the October dip and could gather further strength this week. The EURUSD, on the other hand, remains under growing selling pressure despite FX traders' hesitancy regarding what to do with the US dollar. The pair sank to 1.0830 on Friday and is preparing to test the 200-DMA, which stands near 1.0820, to the downside. The easing Eurozone inflation, along with slowing European economies, boost the dovish ECB expectations. The final PMI data will confirm further contraction in the Eurozone last month, as the Eurozone GDP read will likely confirm a 0.1% contraction last quarter. Coming back to the EURUSD, the pair will likely see a solid support near 1.0800/1.0820, which includes the 200-DMA and the major 38.2% Fibonacci retracement on October – November rebound. And clearing this support should pave the way for an extended selloff toward 1.0730.