French Inflation Surges in August Due to Energy Prices
ING Economics 31.08.2023 10:37
French inflation back on the rise
Inflation rose again in August, after falling for three consecutive months, due to higher energy prices. Despite a rebound in household consumption of goods, French domestic demand remains very weak, and a quasi-stagnation of GDP in the second half of 2023 seems the most likely economic scenario.
Sharp rise in inflation
After falling for three months in a row, inflation in France rose sharply again in August, to 4.8%, compared with 4.3% in July. The harmonised index, which is important for the European Central Bank, stood at 5.7% compared with 5.1% in July. August's rebound was entirely caused by the rise in energy prices, due to higher oil prices and electricity tariffs.
Over a year, energy prices have increased again (+6.8% in August), whereas they had been falling in previous months. It should be noted that, because of the tariff shield and fuel price rebates, energy prices rose less dramatically in France than in other European countries last year. The starting point is therefore much lower, and energy inflation will be more of a problem in France than elsewhere in the coming months.
Apart from the rebound in energy inflation, the details suggest that inflationary pressures are moderating. Food inflation continues to ease, coming in at 11.1% in August, compared with 12.7% in July. This trend is likely to continue in the months ahead, albeit slowly. We will probably have to wait until 2024 for food prices to stabilise in terms of annual growth.
The details of underlying inflation have not yet been published, but they should point to a decline. Prices of manufactured goods slowed to 3.1% in August from 3.4% in July. Given that producer prices are continuing to fall and are now down year-on-year (-1.5% in July compared with +1% the previous month), this trend is likely to continue over the coming months, especially as selling price expectations continue to fall across all sectors.
Finally, despite wage increases, services inflation is also continuing to moderate (2.9% compared with 3.1% in July), which is encouraging. Although service inflation is likely to become the main contributor to inflation in the coming months, the risk of an explosion in service prices appears to be limited, in the context of weak economic growth. The trend towards disinflation should therefore resume from September onwards, although it will probably be slower in France than in neighbouring countries. We are expecting inflation, according to the national definition, to reach 4.6% in 2023 on average. We will probably have to wait until the second half of 2024 for inflation to return to 2%.