real yields

Rates Spark: Are we there yet? The CPI surprise will not keep the Fed from hiking rates this month, but further hikes look less likely. Today's PPI may give markets another excuse to trade the easing inflation narrative, with front-end-led steepening sending end-of-cycle vibes. Today's ECB minutes will pit a hawkish stance against signs of easing inflation pressures.   US CPI surprise gives markets end-of-cycle vibes There was something in the air in the past few trading days. Just when 4% on the 10yr was looking comfortable, there was a pivot of attention towards yesterday's CPI report. Consensus pointed to a low 3% headline number. But we got better. Bang on 3%, so close to a break into a 2% handle. And, the core rate gets back below 5% for the first time in a year and a half. A good look for inflation overall, and correlating with market rates heading decisively lower. The 10Y US Treasury is now below 3.9% and the 2Y closer to 4.70%. The curve dis-inverted, this time in bull-steeping fashion as one would expect towards the end of a tightening cycle. Both real yields and inflation expectations ease lower. The 2Y breakeven rate has dipped back below 2%, a very comforting reading from the Fed’s perspective. The question now is whether the market continues to trade off the easing inflation narrative. There is an excuse to do so as today’s PPI report is also expected to be friendly. It’s quite a swing from the strong wage data last week into an easing inflation narrative for this week. Both are in fact backward looking, but the core inflation reading in particular is the dominant driver for market rates. If the market begins to believe that easing pipeline pressures and the pull of lower headline rates can dominate, then the strong labour market backdrop can be downsized as an issue. It is tough to make a conviction-directional view from here. We had been consistently looking for a break above 4% and to stay above that level for a while. But we are clearly back below, and with some reasonable justification.   Front-end led steepening signals end-of-cycle vibes

Metals: Headwinds for gold The metals complex came under pressure yesterday following the weak set of Chinese data (retail sales and industrial production), whilst Chinese new home price data released this morning will also do very little to help sentiment with prices in July falling 0.23% month-on-month, compared to a MoM decline of 0.06% in June. On top of weak Chinese macro data, LME inventories for a number of metals continue to climb higher. LME copper stocks increased by 4,775 tonnes yesterday to a little over 90k tonnes. In fact, LME copper inventories have increased by almost 36k tonnes since mid-July. Higher inventories have weighed on the LME copper cash/3m spread with it trading in a contango of US$56/tonne, compared to a contango of just US$7/tonne back in mid-July. Zinc inventories in LME warehouses also saw big increases yesterday with inflows of 14,725 tonnes, which leaves inventories at 106,900 tonnes- the highest levels since April 2022. Spot gold is managing to hold above US$1,900/oz, although it briefly broke below this level following stronger-than-expected US retail sales numbers. This data might start to raise some doubts over whether the Fed is really done with its tightening cycle. Any further data suggesting the Fed still has more work to do will likely put pressure on gold prices. And with the increase seen in real yields lately, it is difficult to see any meaningful upside to gold prices in the short term.

Headline Canadian inflation surges above BOC’s 1-3% target range Mixed report as core inflation falls to 9-month low European Natural Gas skyrockets on fears Aussie labor strikes could disrupt 10% of global LNG exports Canadian CPI The Canadian dollar initially rallied after the July inflation rose back the Bank of Canada’s inflation-control target range of 1% to 3%. ​ This was not entirely hot as both core readings remained subdued. This report means that the BOC will remain data-dependent and that the odds of one more rate hike might be growing. Global growth concerns appear to be dominating the macro theme here and that is why the Canadian dollar is softer. The USD/CAD weekly chart is showing price action is tentatively breaking out above key trendline resistance and the 50-week SMA.   If bullishness remains, upside targets include the 1.3675 region.  To the downside, the 1.3200 remains critical support.   ​​Gas Prices European natural gas futures are surging as the risk for Australian LNG workers to strike grow. ​ If talks collapse, the world could see about 10% of global LNG exports at risk. Europe has bolstered their inventories, but a hot end to summer could lead to a surge in cooling demand. ​ Inventories are not a concern right now, but if we get further disruptions and if weather trends in the summer and winter lead to many spikes in demand, we could see natural gas surge significantly higher. ​   Jackson Hole ​We are a week away from Jackson Hole and Wall Street is not expecting any major surprises. ​ Fed Chair Powell will remain upbeat regarding the progress with bringing inflation down. July PCE data to be sticky and keep risk of one more hike on the table. Given the US economic resilience backdrop, the Fed will want to keep optionality here, so an end of tightening will not be signaled. ​   Oil Crude prices continue to pullback after both disappointing Chinese industrial production data and the German ZEW survey that showed concerns with recovery are elevated. The oil market might remain tight, but most of the headlines are turning bearish for the demand side. ​ Oil’s pullback might need to continue a while longer before buyers emerge. ​   Gold Gold prices are falling as real yields continue to rise. ​ Gold could be stuck in the house of pain a little while longer if the bond market selloff does not ease. ​ The 30-year Treasury yield rising above 2% is a big red flag for some traders. ​ We haven’t seen yields on the 30-year at these levels since 2011, which is making non-interest bearing gold less attractive even as China’s property market rattle markets.      

Metals - Gold struggles The gold market remains under pressure, with spot prices now trading below US$1,900/oz. The realisation that we are unlikely to see the Fed start cutting rates this year has weighed on gold. In fact, recent US macro data suggests that there is still the possibility that the Fed may have more work to do when it comes to monetary tightening. We could see some volatility later this week in gold prices with Jerome Powell set to talk at Jackson Hole on Friday, possibly providing some insight on Fed policy for the remainder of the year. Higher rates have seen 10 year real yields hit their highest levels since 2009 recently, and they continue to edge closer towards 2%. The stronger rate environment combined with USD strength is certainly not proving supportive for gold. ETF holdings in gold have seen 12 consecutive weeks of outflows - over this period we have seen outflows of around 4moz, leaving total ETF gold holdings at around 90moz. Speculators also reduced their net long in COMEX gold by  29,042 lots to 46,540 lots over the last reporting week. The latest trade data from China Customs show that imports of unwrought aluminium and products rose 20% YoY to 231.5kt in July. This leaves cumulative imports over the first seven months of the year at 1.43mt, up 12.2% YoY. On the export side, alumina exports jumped by 266% YoY to 130kt last month, while YTD exports have risen by 16% YoY to 700kt. This increase is driven largely by stronger flows to Russia.

Metals - Gold struggles The gold market remains under pressure, with spot prices now trading below US$1,900/oz. The realisation that we are unlikely to see the Fed start cutting rates this year has weighed on gold. In fact, recent US macro data suggests that there is still the possibility that the Fed may have more work to do when it comes to monetary tightening. We could see some volatility later this week in gold prices with Jerome Powell set to talk at Jackson Hole on Friday, possibly providing some insight on Fed policy for the remainder of the year. Higher rates have seen 10 year real yields hit their highest levels since 2009 recently, and they continue to edge closer towards 2%. The stronger rate environment combined with USD strength is certainly not proving supportive for gold. ETF holdings in gold have seen 12 consecutive weeks of outflows - over this period we have seen outflows of around 4moz, leaving total ETF gold holdings at around 90moz. Speculators also reduced their net long in COMEX gold by  29,042 lots to 46,540 lots over the last reporting week. The latest trade data from China Customs show that imports of unwrought aluminium and products rose 20% YoY to 231.5kt in July. This leaves cumulative imports over the first seven months of the year at 1.43mt, up 12.2% YoY. On the export side, alumina exports jumped by 266% YoY to 130kt last month, while YTD exports have risen by 16% YoY to 700kt. This increase is driven largely by stronger flows to Russia.

US The main event for next week will be the Kansas City Fed’s Jackson Hole Symposium.  Fed Chair Powell’s speech will reiterate that more rate hikes might be needed and that rates should stay higher for longer.  With the recent surge with real yields, Fed Chair Powell can acknowledge that policy is restrictive and that future rate cuts could eventually be warranted as long as inflation has been defeated. The economic data starts on Tuesday with the July existing homes sales report, which should show signs of stabilizing.  Wednesday contains the flash PMIs, which could show manufacturing remains in contraction territory and softness with the service sector continues.  On Thursday, we will get both initial jobless claims and the preliminary look at durable goods, which is expected to show weakness in July. Friday contains the release of the final reading of the University of Michigan sentiment report, with most traders wanting to know if inflation expectations had any major revisions. Earnings for the week include results from Baidu, Lowe’s, Nvidia, and Snowflake,   Eurozone As the ECB is poised to continue delivering more rate hikes to combat inflation, the risks of a hard landing are growing.  There’s no shortage of economic releases next week but the one that stands out is the flash PMI readings. The manufacturing sector is clearly going to remain in contraction territory for all the key regions(Germany, France, eurozone), while the service sector steadily weakens, fighting to stay in expansion territory.  Traders will also pay attention to both the German IFO business climate report as that could show expectations might be stabilizing and what should be another soft consumer confidence report. Thin trading conditions in Europe could occur on Tuesday as some banks (France, Italy) are closed for Assumption Day.   UK Next week is mostly about the UK flash PMI survey, as the composite PMI collapse in July is expected to be followed by further weakness in August. The manufacturing PMI is expected to weaken further from 45.3 to 45.0, the service reading to drop from 51.5 to 50.8, while the composite drops from 50.8 to 50.3.   The UK economy is still expected to barely show growth in Q3, but the momentum is fading as the BOE’s rate hiking cycle starts to weigh on the economy.   Russia Following the plunge in the ruble and an emergency rate hike, the focus on Russia will shift back to the war in Ukraine and the BRICS summit.  Russia was having a growing influence in Africa, but that might get tested as President Putin will be absent given his indictment by the ICC. The economic calendar is light with two releases, industrial production data on Wednesday and money supply on Friday.   South Africa The one notable release will be the July inflation report.  Inflation is expected to stay in the SARB’s target range between 3-6%.  The annual headline reading is expected to drop from 5.4% to 4.9%, while the monthly reading rises from 0.2% to 1.0%.  The monthly core reading is also expected to see a rise from 0.4% to 0.6%.   Turkey With inflation out of control, the CBRT is expected to deliver its 3rd straight rise, bringing the 1-week report rate to 19.50%.  The consensus range is to see the rate rise from 17.5% to anywhere between 18.50% and 20.5%. The 19.0% level was a key level in the past as that triggered the sacking of Governor Agbal.   Switzerland Another quiet week with Money supply data released on Monday and export data on Tuesday.   China One sole key economic data to watch will be on Monday, the monetary policy decision on its one-year and five-year loan prime rates that commercial banks used as a benchmark to price corporate, household loans and housing mortgages respectively. After a surprise cut of 15 basis points (bps) on the one-year medium-term lending facility rate to 2.50% last Monday, its lowest level since late 2009 to defuse the potential contagion risk in China’s financial system triggered by a major trust fund that failed to make timely payments to holders of its wealth management products which are backed by unsold properties of indebted property developers; forecasts are now calling for a similar 15 bps cut on the one and five-year loan prime rates to bring it down to 3.4% and 4.05% respectively. Market participants will also be on the lookout for more detailed fiscal stimulus from China’s top policymakers after recent “morale-boosting piecemeal rhetoric measures” that have failed to break the negative feedback loop in the China stock market; the benchmark CSI 300 index has given up all its ex-post Politburo gains from 25 July after the top leadership group promised to implement “counter-cyclical” measures to defuse the deflationary risk spiral in China. For earnings report releases, a couple of major companies to take note of; Sunny Optical Technology (Tuesday), Country Garden Services (Tuesday), China Life Insurance (Thursday), NetEase (Thursday), Meituan (Friday).   India A quiet calendar with only foreign exchange reserves and fortnightly bank loan growth data out on Friday.   Australia Flash Manufacturing and Services PMIs for August will be out on Wednesday.   New Zealand Balance of Trade for July out on Monday is forecasted to shrink to a deficit of -NZ$0.4 billion from a surplus of NZ$9 million posted in June. If it turns out as expected, it will be its first trade deficit since March 2023 due to a weak external demand environment. Q2 retail sales will be out on Wednesday where its prior Q1 negative growth of -4.1% y/y is forecasted to narrow to -0.9% y/y.   Japan Two key data releases to monitor. Firstly, flash Manufacturing and Services PMIs for August out on Wednesday; manufacturing activities are forecasted to improve slightly to 49.9 from 49.6 printed in July while growth in the services sector is expected to come in almost unchanged at 53.6 versus 53.9 in July  Next up, the significant leading Tokyo area consumer inflation data for August out on Friday; both Tokyo core inflation (excluding fresh food) as well as its core-core inflation (excluding fresh food & energy) are forecasted to be unchanged at 3% y/y and 2.5% y/y respectively. Both inflation measures have remained elevated especially the core-core rate which has soared to a 31-year high. Market participants will be keeping a close watch on the USD/JPY as it rallied past a key resistance zone of 145.50/146.10 despite rising concerns on possible BoJ’s FX intervention to negate the current bout of JPY weakness.   Singapore Two key data to focus on. July’s consumer inflation out on Wednesday where the core inflation rate is expected to be almost unchanged at 4.1% y/y versus 4.2% y/y in June. On Friday, industrial production for July is forecasted to show an improvement; -2.5% y/y from -4/9% y/y printed in June. Despite this forecasted improvement, it is still ten consecutive months of negative growth which increases the risk of a recession for Singapore in Q3 due to a weak external demand environment.      

Soft landing hopes fizzle as real yields hit highest levels in a decade China jitters remain as Evergrande files for US bankruptcy Dollar index posts best win streak since May 2022  The Japanese yen is no longer acting like a safe haven currency. With global stocks having the worst week since March, dollar-yen appears poised to finish the week higher.  Wall Street has had a major reset, and now believes that interest rates will stay higher for longer, and is fearful that the Fed might have to deliver more tightly given the strength of the US economy. The global bond market selloff as taken treasury yields two levels that are forcing portfolio managers to adjust accordingly. Short term rates are too attractive, and that should provide some underlying strengths for the US dollar. Today, the yen is on firming footing but some of that is on profit-taking given the big week the dollar has had. With tech and communication stocks getting hit the hardest, expectations for a safe-haven trade could keep the dollar supported. The wildcard for the dollar trade will be Fed Chair Powell’s Jackson Hole speech, which could remain hawkish or possibly contain a dovish twist     The USD/JPY daily chart has already tested key levels that are making Japanese officials uncomfortable, but given the potential FX flows following Jackson Hole, it seems Japan will wait before intervening. This combination of a return of the king dollar and lagging Japanese yen has served to boost USD/JPY beyond 145.00 and towards major psychological support around the 150.00 level. As long as markets continue to bet on an inflation-fighting Fed and patient BOJ, USD/JPY could target the 148.00 region next week.  With any dovish surprises from Powell, a breakdown could occur below the noted 145.00 psychological support level.

Expect the US dollar rally to extend    The US dollar broadly weakened across the board, helping majors to take some breather. The dollar index fell back towards its 200-DMA, the EURUSD settles above the 1.09 mark this morning, while Cable bulls eye a further rise toward the 50-DMA, which stands a touch below the 1.28 level. But looking at the US dollar and the real yields, the end of last year's dollar really coincides with a peak in 10-year real yield. Both started retreating in Q3 of last year. The dollar retreated relatively faster. And now that the real yields are on the rise again, there is little reason to keep the USD on a bearish trend for the months ahead.   The dollar rally which started by mid-July should further develop, and there is significant room for further correction before we could technically call the end of the dollar's bearish trend. In numbers, the dollar index will still be in a bearish trend below the 105.40 mark. Until that level is reached, investors don't have much to lose for jumping on the back of a bull.  

2-year Treasury yield rises 3.7bps to 4.979% (supports Fed’s higher for longer push) Dollar softens as risk appetite tentatively returns following last week’s stock market rout Fed Chair Powell to speak at Jackson Hole Symposium on Friday The fate of the dollar will not solely depend on what Fed Chair Powell says at Jackson, but on several other factors. Will Nvidia’s earnings reignite the AI trade and provide much needed relief to tech stocks? How much additional support will we see from China? Is ECB President Lagarde ready to show which way she is leaning towards for the September meeting? Finally, will the global flash PMIs show that rate hiking cycles are starting to bring down the service sector? Fed Chair Powell will be trying to avoid a policy mistake here. The annual Jackson Hole gathering will undoubtedly emphasize the need for policymakers to keep rates higher for longer.  Powell might stick to his hopes of a soft landing, while hinting that eventually rates will be able to come down.  It seems the majority of Wall Street is expecting Powell to deliver a hawkish hold, but any signs that the Fed is concerned about disorderly markets could end up supporting the case that the Fed will cut rates early next year. EUR/USD Daily Chart     The EUR/USD (a daily chart of which is shown) as of Monday (8/21/2023) is seeing its bearish trend cool ahead of the Jackson Hole Symposium.  The euro’s slide had its eyes on the July low (1.0834), but that seems to be providing key support for now.  If the bond market selloff remains intact, we might not have to wait for any fireworks from Jackson Hole speeches by both ECB’s Lagarde and Fed Chair Powell.     If euro-dollar sees a sharp plunge, key support will come from the 1.0740 to 1.07400 region. It is around that area that price could see the formation of a potential bullish ABCD pattern, which might target a key harmonic level of 350 pips. The key story on Wall Street remains the movement with real yields.  The yield on 10-year inflation-protected Treasuries rose above the 2% level, this is the first time it did that since 2009.  Soft landing or not, some investors won’t be able to pass up getting paid over 5% on short-term debt they can hold for a few months. If at the end of the week, the dollar’s rally is exhausted, upside could target the 1.0925 region.  Only a daily close above the 1.1050 level would open the door for an extended euro rally.    

Canadian Dollar Experiences Biggest Intra-day Gain Since End of July. The Canadian dollar has been experiencing a steady weakening against the US dollar since mid-July. The ongoing bullish uptrend of USD/CAD is meeting resistance as foreign exchange traders speculate on the possibility of the Fed and BOC being close to completing their tightening cycles with one more rate hike. Major resistance at the 1.36 level could hold, potentially leading to a pullback targeting the 1.3454 level, the current 200-day SMA. The upcoming week might bring a hawkish stance from Fed Chair Powell, which could revive the king dollar trade. Oil Market Rally Fizzles Amid Strong Dollar Trade and Rising Real Yields Crude oil prices initially rallied in the morning, driven by expectations of a tight oil market due to current backwardation trends. However, the surge in real yields and a potential strong dollar resurgence after Jackson Hole are contributing to the reversal of the oil price rally. While risks to crude demand are emerging, the oil market's tightness should provide some support.     Dollar supported as 10-year Treasury hits 4.34%, highest levels since financial crisis Oil market to remain tight, but so far offers little help for the loonie Loonie was having biggest intra-day gain since end of July   The Canadian dollar has been steadily weakening against the greenback since the middle of July.  The USD/CAD bullish uptrend appears to be facing some resistance as FX traders anticipate both the Fed and BOC are possibly one more rate hike away from being done with tightening. It appears that major resistance from the 1.36 level might hold, so if a pullback emerges, downside could target the 1.3454 level, which is currently the 200-day SMA.  If markets get a very hawkish Fed Chair Powell this week could see the return of the king dollar trade.   Oil The morning oil price rally is fizzling as the strong dollar trade might be back given the surge in real yields.  Crude prices were much higher in early trade on expectations that the oil market would remain tight given the current backwardation. Risks to the crude demand outlook are growing, especially after China disappointed with last night’s easing, but for now a tight market should keep oil supported. The biggest risk for energy traders is if we see a massive wave of dollar strength after Jackson Hole. Right now there are so many oil drivers and most support higher prices. Heating oil prices are elevated and that might continue.  Iran nuclear talks won’t be having any breakthroughs anytime soon. Gulf of Mexico oil production could be at risk as a few formations build on the Atlantic.     Gold Gold’s worst enemy is surging real yields.  It was supposed to be a quiet start to the week for gold with China coming to the rescue and some calm before Friday’s Jackson Hole speech by Fed Chair Powell.  There is a little bit of nervousness from the long-term bulls as gold futures are getting dangerously close to the $1900 level, which could trigger a wave of technical selling.  It seems gold needs some disorderly stress in financial markets for it to rally and that doesn’t seem like it is happening anytime soon. The outlook for the next few quarters is cloudy at best, but it seems that there is still too much strength in the economy that is dampening safe-haven flows for gold.  It doesn’t help that hedge funds are throwing in the towel for gold, which now has net-long positions at a five month low.        

What does the price of gold depend on? At first glance, the answer is simple—it depends on the cost of money. The lower central bank interest rates are, the cheaper they become. The more expensive the precious metal must be quoted. Conversely, in times of high interest rates, the XAU/USD pair should fall.   At the same time, gold is an anti-dollar. The dynamics of the USD index often determine where the precious metal will move. Unfortunately, in 2023, historical correlations were disrupted, and only the September meeting of the Federal Reserve returned everything to its usual state. Looking at how gold maintains stability in the face of rising real yields on U.S. Treasury bonds, investors involuntarily asked themselves why. Real yields are the cost of money. In a world of expensive money, precious metals should not feel comfortable. Dynamics of gold and real yields of U.S. Treasury bonds.     The same can be said for the dollar. It pleasantly surprised its fans, marking a 10-week winning streak amid the strength of the U.S. economy and the Federal Reserve's reluctance to allow a dovish pivot. Speculators en masse closed short positions on the U.S. currency, and the expectation of a government shutdown only fueled demand for it as a safe haven. Nevertheless, gold ignored the extremely unfavorable external background until the end of September, which allowed for bullish forecasts. After all, if an asset doesn't go where it is expected to, it's more likely to go in the opposite direction. According to Macquarie, the precious metal can rise to $2100 per ounce if U.S. Treasury bond yields and the U.S. dollar decline. If you receive good news in adverse conditions, XAU/USD is capable of marking a swift rally.   Dynamics of gold and the U.S. dollar   To the disappointment of gold enthusiasts, positive news is not coming in. Investors are gradually getting used to the idea that high interest rates are here to stay for a long time. The cost of money has sharply increased and will remain so for an extended period. The precious metal loses its shine and begins to do what it should—fall. In my opinion, the reasons for the stability of XAU/USD should be sought in China. Currently, premiums for bars in Shanghai exceed prices in London and New York by more than $100 per ounce. Gold in China costs more than $2000. The People's Bank of China started this process by avidly buying precious metals as part of the de-dollarization process. Then consumers picked up the baton. Due to the real estate market crisis, the weakening of the yuan, and strict capital controls, the population is buying gold.     Unfortunately, intermarket connections will sooner or later make themselves felt. The strengthening of the dollar and the rise in the real yields of U.S. Treasury bonds pushed XAU/USD below 1900. Technically, on the daily chart, gold has the formation of a Shark pattern at 5-0. The target level at 161.8%, according to the latest model, is $1825 per ounce. Breaking support at $1895 will allow for the formation of short positions.  

Rates Spark: Not called resilient for nothing After a huge fall in yields last week, there has been an attempt to engineer some semblance of a reversal so far this week. We expect to see more of that in the days ahead, with data unlikely to get in the way and supply pressure pushing in the direction of a concessional build in the coming days.   Market rates edging higher from Friday's lows, led by the US Market rates have staged a bit of a fightback having hit post-payroll lows on Friday. The US 10yr Treasury yield managed to bounce off the 4.5% area, which we now regard as a key support. Stay above that level and we are good to gradually re-test higher in yield over the course of this week. It’s a week of supply right along the curve in the guise of 3yr, 10yr and 30yr auctions. It’s also a week that is unlikely to get too rocked by data releases, with Thursday’s jobless claims set to be the highlight of the week. In addition, we note that there remains an underlying supply risk for bonds generally. Even though the US Treasury has taken some pressure off long-dated issuance into year-end, it does not take away the underlying pressure coming from the elevated fiscal deficit. Fiscal pressure results not just in ongoing supply pressure, but also likely ongoing upward pressure on real yields. That in turn implies steepening pressure from the back end. Importantly, we don’t have a green light yet for a complete cycle capitulation towards a structural rate-cutting agenda. That will come, but we need more first.   Yields are slowly starting to revert higher   QT lumped into the ECB's review of the operation framework European rates markets also pared some of the past week’s rally with 10Y Bund yields ending the first session 9bp higher above Friday’s close and thus well above 2.7% again. But it looked more like a general countermove, inspired also by a busy corporate supply slate, rather than being motivated by any single event. There were hawkish comments from the European Central Bank’s Robert Holzmann, who said the central bank should be ready to hike again if needed. But coming from him, such remarks should not surprise and are not new. Rather, his other remarks on quantitative tightening and that there won't be anything forthcoming on that front this year were rather dovish, if anything. The debate about the ECB’s bond portfolios could not be separated from the review of the operational framework, Holzmann said. The forthcoming framework will also determine the level of excess reserves that the ECB will operate with to maintain control over front-end rates – and perhaps even foresee a structural bond portfolio to also provide it with some flexibility to intervene in bond markets. Recall that the ECB’s hawks had also postponed their push for higher minimum reserves until spring next year for a similar reason, according to earlier Reuters reports. The review will give an opportunity to address the wider issue of excess reserves in the system – and also the cost efficiency of implementing monetary policy which could also include, for instance, the remuneration of government deposits. Given the complexity and multitude of possible tweaks, we would expect the review to conclude not with a one-off adjustment but rather a gradual path towards a new framework.     Today's events and market view There are few data points of note over today's session. For the eurozone, PPI is expected to slow to 0.5% month-on-month resulting in a -12.5% year-on-year figure and the US will be reporting its trade balance. The main highlight will be the busy schedule for Federal Reserve speakers, including Neel Kashkari, who last night was not convinced that rate hikes were over. Other Fed speakers are Austan Goolsbee, Christopher Waller and John Williams. Supply also returns to the spotlight. In Europe, Austria will auction 5Y and 10Y lines, but the main focus will be on the UST auctions this week, beginning with the sale of US $48 billion in new 3Y notes tonight

Rates Spark: Shifting the rate cycle discount How convinced are we that the Fed has peaked? You can never be 100% sure on this, but the odds firmly favour the view that they’re done. That places rate cutting on the radar. Ahead of that, market rates tend to ease lower.   Have market rates peaked in the United States? Most probably yes The US 10yr has gapped below 4.5% in the wake of the CPI report – immediate impact effect. It did feel like Treasuries were waiting for this report before making any conclusive subsequent move having had a look below 4.5% twice and each time finding an excuse (good ones though) to get back above. Although the headline inflation rate is now 3.2%, the caveat is that core is still at 4% (even if lower than the 4.1% expected). But the path is positive, and that’s what the market rates are extrapolating. It is still not clear that market rates should capitulate lower from here though. Tuesday’s CPI report was great. But the absolute numbers mean there is still some inflation reduction work to get done. There will be an interesting supply test next week from the 20yr auction, which will be watched following the badly tailed 30yr one last week (the main reason we gapped higher again in yields). On the front end, the 2yr is back in the 4.85% area, having been above 5%. This is an easier sell. A big move lower is likely here. It’s only a matter of when – typically it’s about 3 months before an actual cut. Not quite at that point, but it will be there as a theme over the turn of the year. Breakeven inflation has also moved lower post the number. But real yields are lower by more – by over 20bp in the 10yr (now 2.2%). Real yields are still elevated though, and reflective of macro resilience and the fiscal deficit. That’s a resistance that can remain an issue for longer tenor market rates. Ongoing dis-inversion and a steeper curve ahead.   Today's events and market view The CPI data gave the market the green light to drop the 10Y US yield back to just below 4.5%. EUR rates were pulled lower alongside, bull flattening with the 10Y Bund yield touching 2.6%. This level held twice last week, having marked the lowest yield since mid September. Today’s calendar features more data that could feed the bullish sentiment. We will get the US producer prices and  we will likely also see softer retail sales data, where gasoline prices will have depressed values of sales. But as our economists point out, vehicle sales were down on the month and that credit card spending has been subdued, also pointing to a soft spending number. In the eurozone, markets will be looking at industrial production data, pointing to a worsening situation in the sector. With a view to the risk of a government shutdown, there are signs that the Speaker's interim plan that continues government funding at current levels until early next year has some support among Democrats. In primary government bond markets Germany will tap two 30y bonds for €2bn in total.